Do you know about the "Hydrogen Bonding" !!!!

Hello Students,

Do you know about the "Hydrogen Bonding" !!!!

The very large difference in electronegativity between the H atom and the atom to which it is bonded combined with the very small size of a H atom and the relatively small sizes of F, O, or N atoms, leads to highly concentrated partial charges with these atoms.

Molecules with F-H, O-H, or N-H moieties are very strongly attracted to similar moieties in nearby molecules, a particularly strong type of dipole-dipole attraction called hydrogen bonding. Examples of hydrogen bonds include HF…HF, H2O…HOH, and H3N…HNH2, in which the hydrogen bonds are denoted by dots.

Hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds, only about 5 to 10% as strong, but are generally much stronger than other dipole-dipole attractions and dispersion forces.

For example :

consider the trends in boiling points for the binary hydrides of group 15 (NH3, PH3, AsH3, and SbH3), group 16 hydrides (H2O, H2S, H2Se, and H2Te), and group 17 hydrides (HF, HCl, HBr, and HI).